Bottle Basics: Beginner’s Introduction to Bottle Structure
Whether you prefer glass or plastic, knowing the structure of a bottle—and the terms used to describe it - makes it much easier to choose the perfect packaging for your product.
Bottle Anatomy
This diagram works as a simple blueprint to help you understand the anatomy of a bottle. It clearly shows each part - from the top opening down to the base - so you can see what everything is called and how it all fits together. Whether you’re choosing a bottle or just learning the basics, this layout makes it easy to follow.
The Opening
A well-matched cap and bottle are essential for preventing leaks, evaporation, or spills. What many people don’t realise is that caps aren’t universal - each must match the bottle’s opening precisely.
Often called the “mouth”, the opening can be narrow or wide, depending on how your product needs to be filled or dispensed.
Neck Finish
This is the outer diameter of the bottle neck measured in millimetres. Once you know this, you can choose a closure that fits safely and securely.
Thread Finish
This describes the height and thread style of both the bottle and its closure. Even if two bottles share the same diameter, their thread finishes may differ - so a 28-400 cap won’t fit a 28-410 bottle.
The Body
The body of the bottle determines much of how the bottle performs - its look, feel, and suitability for your product.
Shape
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Round bottles: Comfortable to hold, ideal for frequent dispensing.
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Square / Rectangular bottles: Great for maximising shelf or workbench space.
Capacity
Capacity measures the volume the bottle holds up to the shoulder. Common units include ml, oz, cc, and drams.
Overflow Capacity
The absolute maximum volume if filled to the brim.
Headspace
The space between the product and the opening. Essential for volatile contents or products sensitive to pressure changes.
Bottom of the Bottle
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Bottom – The lower portion beneath the sidewalls. It may include:
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Mold cavity numbers
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Manufacturer’s punt mark
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Registration features for labelling equipment
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Mold Parting Line – A horizontal seam on the bottom where mould sections meet.
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Heel – Where the body curves into the base. Sometimes includes a recess for decoration or alignment.
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Base – The stable outer ring that supports the bottle. Glass bases often have a textured (stippled) finish to help hide handling marks.
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Pushup – A raised dome in the centre of the base. This strengthens the bottle and improves stability—most noticeable in wine bottles.
Now that you understand how a bottle is put together, you can more easily choose the right style for your product. Browse the bottles listed below to find the one that best fits your needs.
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